The Role of Agile Practices in Enhancing Project Performance in the Public Sector: Evidence from the Shule Bora Project in Tanzania

Abstract

This study examines how Agile practices enhance project performance in the public sector in Dodoma City, Tanzania. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, and data from 198 project stakeholders were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire measuring iterative planning, collaboration, flexibility, monitoring, and beneficiary focus. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to assess relationships between Agile practices and project performance indicators, including time efficiency, cost efficiency, quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. Results show that Agile practices significantly and positively influence project performance (β = 1.09, p < 0.001), with flexibility and continuous feedback identified as the most impactful dimensions. The study concludes that adopting adaptive, collaborative, and feedback oriented management approaches substantially improves the efficiency, quality, and stakeholder satisfaction of public sector projects. It is recommended that government agencies prioritise the implementation of Agile methodologies, particularly by enhancing flexibility and monitoring mechanisms, to strengthen overall project outcomes and service delivery.